HEADER ELECTRON TRANSPORT 05-MAY-98 1PFD TITLE THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF HIGH PLANT PARSLEY [2FE-2S] FERREDOXIN, NMR, TITLE 2 18 STRUCTURES COMPND MOL_ID: 1; COMPND 2 MOLECULE: FERREDOXIN; COMPND 3 CHAIN: A; COMPND 4 EC: 1.7.7.2 SOURCE MOL_ID: 1; SOURCE 2 ORGANISM_SCIENTIFIC: PETROSELINUM CRISPUM; SOURCE 3 ORGANISM_COMMON: PARSLEY; SOURCE 4 ORGANISM_TAXID: 4043; SOURCE 5 ORGAN: LEAVES KEYWDS [2FE-2S] FERREDOXIN, SOLUTION STRUCTURE, PARAMAGNETISM, NUCLEAR KEYWDS 2 RELAXATION, ELECTRON TRANSPORT EXPDTA SOLUTION NMR NUMMDL 18 AUTHOR S.-C.IM,G.LIU,C.LUCHINAT,A.G.SYKES,I.BERTINI REVDAT 3 23-FEB-22 1PFD 1 REMARK LINK REVDAT 2 24-FEB-09 1PFD 1 VERSN REVDAT 1 11-MAY-99 1PFD 0 JRNL AUTH S.C.IM,G.LIU,C.LUCHINAT,A.G.SYKES,I.BERTINI JRNL TITL THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF PARSLEY [2FE-2S]FERREDOXIN. JRNL REF EUR.J.BIOCHEM. V. 258 465 1998 JRNL REFN ISSN 0014-2956 JRNL PMID 9874213 JRNL DOI 10.1046/J.1432-1327.1998.2580465.X REMARK 1 REMARK 1 REFERENCE 1 REMARK 1 AUTH B.BAUMANN,H.STICHT,M.SCHARPF,M.SUTTER,W.HAEHNEL,P.ROSCH REMARK 1 TITL STRUCTURE OF SYNECHOCOCCUS ELONGATUS [FE2S2] FERREDOXIN IN REMARK 1 TITL 2 SOLUTION REMARK 1 REF BIOCHEMISTRY V. 35 12831 1996 REMARK 1 REFN ISSN 0006-2960 REMARK 1 REFERENCE 2 REMARK 1 AUTH C.LELONG,P.SETIF,H.BOTTIN,F.ANDRE,J.M.NEUMANN REMARK 1 TITL 1H AND 15N NMR SEQUENTIAL ASSIGNMENT, SECONDARY STRUCTURE, REMARK 1 TITL 2 AND TERTIARY FOLD OF [2FE-2S] FERREDOXIN FROM SYNECHOCYSTIS REMARK 1 TITL 3 SP. PCC 6803 REMARK 1 REF BIOCHEMISTRY V. 34 14462 1995 REMARK 1 REFN ISSN 0006-2960 REMARK 1 REFERENCE 3 REMARK 1 AUTH T.C.POCHAPSKY,X.M.YE,G.RATNASWAMY,T.A.LYONS REMARK 1 TITL AN NMR-DERIVED MODEL FOR THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF OXIDIZED REMARK 1 TITL 2 PUTIDAREDOXIN, A 2-FE, 2-S FERREDOXIN FROM PSEUDOMONAS REMARK 1 REF BIOCHEMISTRY V. 33 6424 1994 REMARK 1 REFN ISSN 0006-2960 REMARK 1 REFERENCE 4 REMARK 1 AUTH B.H.OH,J.L.MARKLEY REMARK 1 TITL MULTINUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF THE REMARK 1 TITL 2 2FE(DOT)2SFERREDOXIN FROM ANABAENA SPECIES STRAIN PCC 7120. REMARK 1 TITL 3 1. SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC HYDROGEN-1 RESONANCE ASSIGNMENTS AND REMARK 1 TITL 4 SECONDARY STRUCTURE IN SOLUTION OF THE OXIDIZED FORM REMARK 1 REF BIOCHEMISTRY V. 29 3993 1990 REMARK 1 REFN ISSN 0006-2960 REMARK 2 REMARK 2 RESOLUTION. NOT APPLICABLE. REMARK 3 REMARK 3 REFINEMENT. REMARK 3 PROGRAM : AMBER REMARK 3 AUTHORS : GUNTERT,WUTHRICH REMARK 3 REMARK 3 OTHER REFINEMENT REMARKS: NULL REMARK 4 REMARK 4 1PFD COMPLIES WITH FORMAT V. 3.15, 01-DEC-08 REMARK 100 REMARK 100 THIS ENTRY HAS BEEN PROCESSED BY BNL. REMARK 100 THE DEPOSITION ID IS D_1000175639. REMARK 210 REMARK 210 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS REMARK 210 EXPERIMENT TYPE : NMR REMARK 210 TEMPERATURE (KELVIN) : 298 REMARK 210 PH : 7.0 REMARK 210 IONIC STRENGTH : 0.10 M REMARK 210 PRESSURE : NORMAL REMARK 210 SAMPLE CONTENTS : WATER REMARK 210 REMARK 210 NMR EXPERIMENTS CONDUCTED : NOESY; TOCSY; DQF-COSY; REMARK 210 INVERSION-RECOVER NOESY REMARK 210 SPECTROMETER FIELD STRENGTH : 800 MHZ REMARK 210 SPECTROMETER MODEL : AVANCE-800; AVANCE-600 REMARK 210 SPECTROMETER MANUFACTURER : BRUKER REMARK 210 REMARK 210 STRUCTURE DETERMINATION. REMARK 210 SOFTWARE USED : DYANA, DYANAT1, AMBER REMARK 210 METHOD USED : DISTANCE GEOMETRY REMARK 210 REMARK 210 CONFORMERS, NUMBER CALCULATED : 50 REMARK 210 CONFORMERS, NUMBER SUBMITTED : 18 REMARK 210 CONFORMERS, SELECTION CRITERIA : LEAST TARGET FUNCTION REMARK 210 REMARK 210 BEST REPRESENTATIVE CONFORMER IN THIS ENSEMBLE : 1 REMARK 210 REMARK 210 REMARK: MODEL NUMBER 1 WAS DETERMINED USING 2D NMR SPECTROSCOPY REMARK 215 REMARK 215 NMR STUDY REMARK 215 THE COORDINATES IN THIS ENTRY WERE GENERATED FROM SOLUTION REMARK 215 NMR DATA. PROTEIN DATA BANK CONVENTIONS REQUIRE THAT REMARK 215 CRYST1 AND SCALE RECORDS BE INCLUDED, BUT THE VALUES ON REMARK 215 THESE RECORDS ARE MEANINGLESS. REMARK 300 REMARK 300 BIOMOLECULE: 1 REMARK 300 SEE REMARK 350 FOR THE AUTHOR PROVIDED AND/OR PROGRAM REMARK 300 GENERATED ASSEMBLY INFORMATION FOR THE STRUCTURE IN REMARK 300 THIS ENTRY. THE REMARK MAY ALSO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON REMARK 300 BURIED SURFACE AREA. REMARK 350 REMARK 350 COORDINATES FOR A COMPLETE MULTIMER REPRESENTING THE KNOWN REMARK 350 BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT OLIGOMERIZATION STATE OF THE REMARK 350 MOLECULE CAN BE GENERATED BY APPLYING BIOMT TRANSFORMATIONS REMARK 350 GIVEN BELOW. BOTH NON-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND REMARK 350 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS ARE GIVEN. REMARK 350 REMARK 350 BIOMOLECULE: 1 REMARK 350 AUTHOR DETERMINED BIOLOGICAL UNIT: MONOMERIC REMARK 350 APPLY THE FOLLOWING TO CHAINS: A REMARK 350 BIOMT1 1 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 REMARK 350 BIOMT2 1 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.00000 REMARK 350 BIOMT3 1 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.00000 REMARK 500 REMARK 500 GEOMETRY AND STEREOCHEMISTRY REMARK 500 SUBTOPIC: COVALENT BOND ANGLES REMARK 500 REMARK 500 THE STEREOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE FOLLOWING RESIDUES REMARK 500 HAVE VALUES WHICH DEVIATE FROM EXPECTED VALUES BY MORE REMARK 500 THAN 6*RMSD (M=MODEL NUMBER; RES=RESIDUE NAME; C=CHAIN REMARK 500 IDENTIFIER; SSEQ=SEQUENCE NUMBER; I=INSERTION CODE). REMARK 500 REMARK 500 STANDARD TABLE: REMARK 500 FORMAT: (10X,I3,1X,A3,1X,A1,I4,A1,3(1X,A4,2X),12X,F5.1) REMARK 500 REMARK 500 EXPECTED VALUES PROTEIN: ENGH AND HUBER, 1999 REMARK 500 EXPECTED VALUES NUCLEIC ACID: CLOWNEY ET AL 1996 REMARK 500 REMARK 500 M RES CSSEQI ATM1 ATM2 ATM3 REMARK 500 2 CYS A 44 CB - CA - C ANGL. DEV. = 7.7 DEGREES REMARK 500 2 CYS A 44 CA - CB - SG ANGL. DEV. = 6.6 DEGREES REMARK 500 2 CYS A 47 CB - CA - C ANGL. DEV. = 8.5 DEGREES REMARK 500 2 CYS A 47 CA - CB - SG ANGL. DEV. = 10.6 DEGREES REMARK 500 3 CYS A 39 CA - CB - SG ANGL. DEV. = 9.5 DEGREES REMARK 500 8 CYS A 39 CA - CB - SG ANGL. DEV. = 11.0 DEGREES REMARK 500 8 CYS A 44 CA - CB - SG ANGL. DEV. = 7.6 DEGREES REMARK 500 8 CYS A 47 CA - CB - SG ANGL. DEV. = 9.2 DEGREES REMARK 500 10 CYS A 44 CB - CA - C ANGL. DEV. = 9.0 DEGREES REMARK 500 10 CYS A 47 CA - CB - SG ANGL. DEV. = 8.9 DEGREES REMARK 500 12 CYS A 39 CA - CB - SG ANGL. DEV. = 8.6 DEGREES REMARK 500 12 VAL A 96 CA - C - O ANGL. DEV. = -38.6 DEGREES REMARK 500 16 CYS A 39 CA - CB - SG ANGL. DEV. = 7.2 DEGREES REMARK 500 16 ARG A 40 NE - CZ - NH2 ANGL. DEV. = -3.0 DEGREES REMARK 500 REMARK 500 REMARK: NULL REMARK 500 REMARK 500 GEOMETRY AND STEREOCHEMISTRY REMARK 500 SUBTOPIC: TORSION ANGLES REMARK 500 REMARK 500 TORSION ANGLES OUTSIDE THE EXPECTED RAMACHANDRAN REGIONS: REMARK 500 (M=MODEL NUMBER; RES=RESIDUE NAME; C=CHAIN IDENTIFIER; REMARK 500 SSEQ=SEQUENCE NUMBER; I=INSERTION CODE). REMARK 500 REMARK 500 STANDARD TABLE: REMARK 500 FORMAT:(10X,I3,1X,A3,1X,A1,I4,A1,4X,F7.2,3X,F7.2) REMARK 500 REMARK 500 EXPECTED VALUES: GJ KLEYWEGT AND TA JONES (1996). PHI/PSI- REMARK 500 CHOLOGY: RAMACHANDRAN REVISITED. STRUCTURE 4, 1395 - 1400 REMARK 500 REMARK 500 M RES CSSEQI PSI PHI REMARK 500 1 THR A 2 78.25 58.78 REMARK 500 1 GLU A 13 142.72 71.95 REMARK 500 1 LEU A 25 -61.56 -169.11 REMARK 500 1 ALA A 41 -47.50 -132.51 REMARK 500 1 SER A 43 69.21 -154.14 REMARK 500 1 SER A 45 50.24 -144.73 REMARK 500 1 SER A 46 -152.56 -158.27 REMARK 500 1 CYS A 47 71.23 45.10 REMARK 500 1 ASP A 60 -42.37 -154.48 REMARK 500 1 PHE A 63 -73.16 -156.45 REMARK 500 1 GLU A 92 -70.08 -65.17 REMARK 500 1 GLU A 93 33.16 -72.92 REMARK 500 2 THR A 2 89.57 78.80 REMARK 500 2 GLU A 13 147.35 67.55 REMARK 500 2 SER A 38 -51.93 -168.75 REMARK 500 2 CYS A 39 -150.17 -94.11 REMARK 500 2 ARG A 40 176.29 168.52 REMARK 500 2 ALA A 41 -42.62 103.55 REMARK 500 2 SER A 43 59.13 -103.66 REMARK 500 2 CYS A 44 -137.83 -119.57 REMARK 500 2 SER A 45 -93.55 -72.01 REMARK 500 2 SER A 46 -57.26 -156.15 REMARK 500 2 CYS A 47 43.91 26.23 REMARK 500 2 SER A 62 53.30 -153.00 REMARK 500 2 PHE A 63 -65.97 -151.69 REMARK 500 2 THR A 76 -56.28 74.39 REMARK 500 2 GLU A 92 -71.60 -67.30 REMARK 500 3 THR A 2 123.38 80.80 REMARK 500 3 GLU A 13 153.79 68.57 REMARK 500 3 LEU A 25 -43.07 -163.34 REMARK 500 3 PRO A 36 91.25 -66.31 REMARK 500 3 SER A 38 -161.85 56.56 REMARK 500 3 CYS A 39 -136.03 34.55 REMARK 500 3 ARG A 40 137.89 179.08 REMARK 500 3 ALA A 41 83.32 70.90 REMARK 500 3 SER A 43 42.02 -171.14 REMARK 500 3 SER A 46 -157.03 -169.71 REMARK 500 3 CYS A 47 111.84 32.53 REMARK 500 3 GLN A 61 -65.64 -99.79 REMARK 500 3 PHE A 63 -72.42 -154.88 REMARK 500 3 THR A 76 -55.14 73.37 REMARK 500 3 GLU A 92 -70.56 -53.13 REMARK 500 3 GLU A 93 39.12 -79.77 REMARK 500 4 THR A 2 85.04 76.11 REMARK 500 4 GLU A 13 141.68 67.89 REMARK 500 4 ARG A 40 67.35 -154.63 REMARK 500 4 ALA A 41 -63.19 -166.99 REMARK 500 4 SER A 43 85.98 -167.61 REMARK 500 4 SER A 45 62.95 -151.93 REMARK 500 4 CYS A 47 176.86 74.89 REMARK 500 REMARK 500 THIS ENTRY HAS 290 RAMACHANDRAN OUTLIERS. REMARK 500 REMARK 500 REMARK: NULL REMARK 500 REMARK 500 GEOMETRY AND STEREOCHEMISTRY REMARK 500 SUBTOPIC: NON-CIS, NON-TRANS REMARK 500 REMARK 500 THE FOLLOWING PEPTIDE BONDS DEVIATE SIGNIFICANTLY FROM BOTH REMARK 500 CIS AND TRANS CONFORMATION. CIS BONDS, IF ANY, ARE LISTED REMARK 500 ON CISPEP RECORDS. TRANS IS DEFINED AS 180 +/- 30 AND REMARK 500 CIS IS DEFINED AS 0 +/- 30 DEGREES. REMARK 500 MODEL OMEGA REMARK 500 CYS A 39 ARG A 40 6 146.74 REMARK 500 ALA A 1 THR A 2 13 144.28 REMARK 500 ALA A 1 THR A 2 14 137.28 REMARK 500 REMARK 500 REMARK: NULL REMARK 500 REMARK 500 GEOMETRY AND STEREOCHEMISTRY REMARK 500 SUBTOPIC: PLANAR GROUPS REMARK 500 REMARK 500 PLANAR GROUPS IN THE FOLLOWING RESIDUES HAVE A TOTAL REMARK 500 RMS DISTANCE OF ALL ATOMS FROM THE BEST-FIT PLANE REMARK 500 BY MORE THAN AN EXPECTED VALUE OF 6*RMSD, WITH AN REMARK 500 RMSD 0.02 ANGSTROMS, OR AT LEAST ONE ATOM HAS REMARK 500 AN RMSD GREATER THAN THIS VALUE REMARK 500 (M=MODEL NUMBER; RES=RESIDUE NAME; C=CHAIN IDENTIFIER; REMARK 500 SSEQ=SEQUENCE NUMBER; I=INSERTION CODE). REMARK 500 REMARK 500 M RES CSSEQI RMS TYPE REMARK 500 1 TYR A 3 0.13 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 1 TYR A 23 0.07 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 1 TYR A 73 0.07 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 2 TYR A 37 0.11 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 2 TYR A 73 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 2 TYR A 80 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 4 TYR A 23 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 4 TYR A 73 0.11 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 5 TYR A 3 0.14 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 5 TYR A 37 0.13 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 5 TYR A 73 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 6 TYR A 37 0.11 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 6 TYR A 73 0.11 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 7 TYR A 37 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 7 TYR A 73 0.12 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 8 TYR A 37 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 8 TYR A 73 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 9 TYR A 3 0.12 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 9 ASP A 20 0.07 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 9 TYR A 37 0.14 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 9 TYR A 73 0.12 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 10 TYR A 3 0.14 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 10 TYR A 23 0.06 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 10 TYR A 73 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 11 TYR A 3 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 11 PHE A 16 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 11 TYR A 23 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 11 PHE A 63 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 13 TYR A 3 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 13 ASP A 20 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 13 TYR A 37 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 13 PHE A 63 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 14 TYR A 3 0.15 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 14 TYR A 23 0.07 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 14 TYR A 37 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 14 TYR A 73 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 15 TYR A 3 0.12 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 15 ASP A 20 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 15 TYR A 37 0.12 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 15 TYR A 73 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 16 ASP A 20 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 16 TYR A 23 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 16 TYR A 37 0.20 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 16 TYR A 73 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 17 TYR A 23 0.07 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 17 ARG A 40 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 17 TYR A 73 0.12 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 18 TYR A 3 0.13 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 18 TYR A 37 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 18 TYR A 73 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 REMARK 500 REMARK: NULL REMARK 620 REMARK 620 METAL COORDINATION REMARK 620 (M=MODEL NUMBER; RES=RESIDUE NAME; C=CHAIN IDENTIFIER; REMARK 620 SSEQ=SEQUENCE NUMBER; I=INSERTION CODE): REMARK 620 REMARK 620 COORDINATION ANGLES FOR: M RES CSSEQI METAL REMARK 620 FES A 97 FE1 REMARK 620 N RES CSSEQI ATOM REMARK 620 1 CYS A 39 SG REMARK 620 2 FES A 97 S1 107.4 REMARK 620 3 FES A 97 S2 110.6 107.0 REMARK 620 4 CYS A 44 SG 106.5 110.6 114.5 REMARK 620 N 1 2 3 REMARK 620 REMARK 620 COORDINATION ANGLES FOR: M RES CSSEQI METAL REMARK 620 FES A 97 FE2 REMARK 620 N RES CSSEQI ATOM REMARK 620 1 CYS A 47 SG REMARK 620 2 FES A 97 S1 110.5 REMARK 620 3 FES A 97 S2 102.1 107.2 REMARK 620 4 CYS A 77 SG 111.4 112.1 113.0 REMARK 620 N 1 2 3 REMARK 800 REMARK 800 SITE REMARK 800 SITE_IDENTIFIER: FES REMARK 800 EVIDENCE_CODE: UNKNOWN REMARK 800 SITE_DESCRIPTION: IRON BIND SITE. REMARK 800 REMARK 800 SITE_IDENTIFIER: AC1 REMARK 800 EVIDENCE_CODE: SOFTWARE REMARK 800 SITE_DESCRIPTION: BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE FES A 97 DBREF 1PFD A 1 96 UNP Q7M1S1 Q7M1S1_PETCR 1 96 SEQRES 1 A 96 ALA THR TYR ASN VAL LYS LEU ILE THR PRO ASP GLY GLU SEQRES 2 A 96 VAL GLU PHE LYS CYS ASP ASP ASP VAL TYR VAL LEU ASP SEQRES 3 A 96 GLN ALA GLU GLU GLU GLY ILE ASP ILE PRO TYR SER CYS SEQRES 4 A 96 ARG ALA GLY SER CYS SER SER CYS ALA GLY LYS VAL VAL SEQRES 5 A 96 SER GLY SER ILE ASP GLN SER ASP GLN SER PHE LEU ASP SEQRES 6 A 96 ASP GLU GLN MET ASP ALA GLY TYR VAL LEU THR CYS HIS SEQRES 7 A 96 ALA TYR PRO THR SER ASP VAL VAL ILE GLU THR HIS LYS SEQRES 8 A 96 GLU GLU GLU ILE VAL HET FES A 97 4 HETNAM FES FE2/S2 (INORGANIC) CLUSTER FORMUL 2 FES FE2 S2 HELIX 1 1 ASP A 26 GLU A 31 1 6 HELIX 2 2 ASP A 66 ALA A 71 1 6 SHEET 1 A 5 VAL A 14 CYS A 18 0 SHEET 2 A 5 TYR A 3 ILE A 8 -1 N LEU A 7 O VAL A 14 SHEET 3 A 5 VAL A 86 THR A 89 1 N ILE A 87 O LYS A 6 SHEET 4 A 5 ALA A 48 SER A 53 -1 N SER A 53 O VAL A 86 SHEET 5 A 5 TYR A 73 LEU A 75 -1 N VAL A 74 O GLY A 49 LINK SG CYS A 39 FE1 FES A 97 1555 1555 2.35 LINK SG CYS A 44 FE1 FES A 97 1555 1555 2.34 LINK SG CYS A 47 FE2 FES A 97 1555 1555 2.28 LINK SG CYS A 77 FE2 FES A 97 1555 1555 2.39 SITE 1 FES 4 CYS A 39 ALA A 41 CYS A 47 CYS A 77 SITE 1 AC1 7 SER A 38 CYS A 39 GLY A 42 CYS A 44 SITE 2 AC1 7 CYS A 47 CYS A 77 HIS A 78 CRYST1 1.000 1.000 1.000 90.00 90.00 90.00 P 1 1 ORIGX1 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 ORIGX2 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.00000 ORIGX3 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.00000 SCALE1 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 SCALE2 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.00000 SCALE3 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.00000 MODEL 1