HEADER PROTEIN BINDING 13-JUN-12 2LUE TITLE LC3B OPTN-LIR PTOT COMPLEX STRUCTURE COMPND MOL_ID: 1; COMPND 2 MOLECULE: MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS 1A/1B LIGHT CHAIN 3B; COMPND 3 CHAIN: A; COMPND 4 FRAGMENT: UNP RESIDUES 5-119; COMPND 5 SYNONYM: AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN LC3 B, AUTOPHAGY-RELATED COMPND 6 UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER LC3 B, MAP1 LIGHT CHAIN 3-LIKE PROTEIN 2, COMPND 7 MAP1A/MAP1B LIGHT CHAIN 3 B, MAP1A/MAP1B LC3 B, MICROTUBULE- COMPND 8 ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1 LIGHT CHAIN 3 BETA; COMPND 9 ENGINEERED: YES; COMPND 10 MOL_ID: 2; COMPND 11 MOLECULE: OPTINEURIN; COMPND 12 CHAIN: B; COMPND 13 FRAGMENT: UNP RESIDUES 169-185; COMPND 14 SYNONYM: E3-14.7K-INTERACTING PROTEIN, FIP-2, HUNTINGTIN YEAST COMPND 15 PARTNER L, HUNTINGTIN-INTERACTING PROTEIN 7, HIP-7, HUNTINGTIN- COMPND 16 INTERACTING PROTEIN L, NEMO-RELATED PROTEIN, OPTIC NEUROPATHY- COMPND 17 INDUCING PROTEIN, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR IIIA-INTERACTING PROTEIN, COMPND 18 TFIIIA-INTP; COMPND 19 ENGINEERED: YES SOURCE MOL_ID: 1; SOURCE 2 ORGANISM_SCIENTIFIC: HOMO SAPIENS; SOURCE 3 ORGANISM_COMMON: HUMAN; SOURCE 4 ORGANISM_TAXID: 9606; SOURCE 5 GENE: MAP1LC3B, MAP1ALC3; SOURCE 6 EXPRESSION_SYSTEM: ESCHERICHIA COLI; SOURCE 7 EXPRESSION_SYSTEM_TAXID: 562; SOURCE 8 EXPRESSION_SYSTEM_STRAIN: NEB T7 EXPRESS; SOURCE 9 EXPRESSION_SYSTEM_VECTOR_TYPE: VECTOR; SOURCE 10 EXPRESSION_SYSTEM_VECTOR: PETM60_UB3; SOURCE 11 MOL_ID: 2; SOURCE 12 SYNTHETIC: YES; SOURCE 13 ORGANISM_SCIENTIFIC: HOMO SAPIENS; SOURCE 14 ORGANISM_COMMON: HUMAN; SOURCE 15 ORGANISM_TAXID: 9606; SOURCE 16 OTHER_DETAILS: THE PEPTIDE WAS CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED. KEYWDS SELECTIVE AUTOPHAGY, LC3 PROTEINS, SIGNALING PROTEIN, PROTEIN-PEPTIDE KEYWDS 2 COMPLEX, PHOSPHOSERINE, PROTEIN BINDING EXPDTA SOLUTION NMR NUMMDL 20 AUTHOR V.V.ROGOV,A.ROZENKNOP,F.LOEHR,P.GUENTERT,V.DOETSCH REVDAT 2 24-AUG-22 2LUE 1 JRNL REMARK SEQADV LINK REVDAT 1 17-JUL-13 2LUE 0 JRNL AUTH V.V.ROGOV,H.SUZUKI,E.FISKIN,P.WILD,A.KNISS,A.ROZENKNOP, JRNL AUTH 2 R.KATO,M.KAWASAKI,D.G.MCEWAN,F.LOHR,P.GUNTERT,I.DIKIC, JRNL AUTH 3 S.WAKATSUKI,V.DOTSCH JRNL TITL STRUCTURAL BASIS FOR PHOSPHORYLATION-TRIGGERED AUTOPHAGIC JRNL TITL 2 CLEARANCE OF SALMONELLA. JRNL REF BIOCHEM.J. V. 454 459 2013 JRNL REFN ESSN 1470-8728 JRNL PMID 23805866 JRNL DOI 10.1042/BJ20121907 REMARK 2 REMARK 2 RESOLUTION. NOT APPLICABLE. REMARK 3 REMARK 3 REFINEMENT. REMARK 3 PROGRAM : TOPSPIN 2, OPALP REMARK 3 AUTHORS : BRUKER BIOSPIN (TOPSPIN), KORADI, BILLETER AND REMARK 3 GUNTERT (OPALP) REMARK 3 REMARK 3 OTHER REFINEMENT REMARKS: NULL REMARK 4 REMARK 4 2LUE COMPLIES WITH FORMAT V. 3.30, 13-JUL-11 REMARK 100 REMARK 100 THIS ENTRY HAS BEEN PROCESSED BY PDBJ ON 18-JUN-12. REMARK 100 THE DEPOSITION ID IS D_1000102845. REMARK 210 REMARK 210 EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS REMARK 210 EXPERIMENT TYPE : NMR REMARK 210 TEMPERATURE (KELVIN) : 288 REMARK 210 PH : 6.8 REMARK 210 IONIC STRENGTH : 0.05 REMARK 210 PRESSURE : AMBIENT REMARK 210 SAMPLE CONTENTS : 0.6 MM [U-98% 13C; U-98% 15N] REMARK 210 ENTITY_1-1, 4.9 MM ENTITY_2-2, REMARK 210 70 MM SODIUM PHOSPHATE-3, 30 MM REMARK 210 SODIUM CHLORIDE-4, 0.3 MM DSS-5, REMARK 210 5 MM PROTEASE INHIBITORS REMARK 210 COCKTAIL-6, 95% H2O/5% D2O; 2.5 REMARK 210 MM [U-98% 13C; U-98% 15N] ENTITY_ REMARK 210 1-7, 0.4 MM ENTITY_2-8, 70 MM REMARK 210 SODIUM PHOSPHATE-9, 30 MM SODIUM REMARK 210 CHLORIDE-10, 0.3 MM DSS-11, 5 MM REMARK 210 PROTEASE INHIBITORS COCKTAIL-12, REMARK 210 95% H2O/5% D2O REMARK 210 REMARK 210 NMR EXPERIMENTS CONDUCTED : 2D 1H-15N HSQC; 2D 1H-13C HSQC; REMARK 210 2D 1H-13C HSQC AROMATIC; 3D REMARK 210 HNCACB; 3D HNCO; 3D HCCH-TOCSY; REMARK 210 3D 1H-15N NOESY; 3D 1H-13C NOESY REMARK 210 ALIPHATIC; 3D 1H-13C NOESY REMARK 210 AROMATIC; 3D NOESY-[13C,1H]-HSQC REMARK 210 13C/15N FILTERED IN F1; 2D 1H-1H REMARK 210 NOESY F1,F2 13C/15N FILTERED; 3D REMARK 210 NOESY-[15N,1H]-FHSQC REMARK 210 SPECTROMETER FIELD STRENGTH : 900 MHZ; 800 MHZ; 700 MHZ; 600 REMARK 210 MHZ; 500 MHZ REMARK 210 SPECTROMETER MODEL : AVANCE REMARK 210 SPECTROMETER MANUFACTURER : BRUKER REMARK 210 REMARK 210 STRUCTURE DETERMINATION. REMARK 210 SOFTWARE USED : TOPSPIN 2, SPARKY 3.114, CYANA 2 REMARK 210 METHOD USED : RESTRAINED ENERGY REFINEMENT REMARK 210 REMARK 210 CONFORMERS, NUMBER CALCULATED : 100 REMARK 210 CONFORMERS, NUMBER SUBMITTED : 20 REMARK 210 CONFORMERS, SELECTION CRITERIA : STRUCTURES WITH THE LOWEST REMARK 210 ENERGY REMARK 210 REMARK 210 BEST REPRESENTATIVE CONFORMER IN THIS ENSEMBLE : 1 REMARK 210 REMARK 210 REMARK: NULL REMARK 215 REMARK 215 NMR STUDY REMARK 215 THE COORDINATES IN THIS ENTRY WERE GENERATED FROM SOLUTION REMARK 215 NMR DATA. PROTEIN DATA BANK CONVENTIONS REQUIRE THAT REMARK 215 CRYST1 AND SCALE RECORDS BE INCLUDED, BUT THE VALUES ON REMARK 215 THESE RECORDS ARE MEANINGLESS. REMARK 300 REMARK 300 BIOMOLECULE: 1 REMARK 300 SEE REMARK 350 FOR THE AUTHOR PROVIDED AND/OR PROGRAM REMARK 300 GENERATED ASSEMBLY INFORMATION FOR THE STRUCTURE IN REMARK 300 THIS ENTRY. THE REMARK MAY ALSO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON REMARK 300 BURIED SURFACE AREA. REMARK 350 REMARK 350 COORDINATES FOR A COMPLETE MULTIMER REPRESENTING THE KNOWN REMARK 350 BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT OLIGOMERIZATION STATE OF THE REMARK 350 MOLECULE CAN BE GENERATED BY APPLYING BIOMT TRANSFORMATIONS REMARK 350 GIVEN BELOW. BOTH NON-CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND REMARK 350 CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS ARE GIVEN. REMARK 350 REMARK 350 BIOMOLECULE: 1 REMARK 350 AUTHOR DETERMINED BIOLOGICAL UNIT: DIMERIC REMARK 350 APPLY THE FOLLOWING TO CHAINS: A, B REMARK 350 BIOMT1 1 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 REMARK 350 BIOMT2 1 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.00000 REMARK 350 BIOMT3 1 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.00000 REMARK 500 REMARK 500 GEOMETRY AND STEREOCHEMISTRY REMARK 500 SUBTOPIC: CLOSE CONTACTS REMARK 500 REMARK 500 THE FOLLOWING ATOMS ARE IN CLOSE CONTACT. REMARK 500 REMARK 500 ATM1 RES C SSEQI ATM2 RES C SSEQI DISTANCE REMARK 500 REMARK 500 REMARK: NULL REMARK 500 REMARK 500 GEOMETRY AND STEREOCHEMISTRY REMARK 500 SUBTOPIC: COVALENT BOND ANGLES REMARK 500 REMARK 500 THE STEREOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE FOLLOWING RESIDUES REMARK 500 HAVE VALUES WHICH DEVIATE FROM EXPECTED VALUES BY MORE REMARK 500 THAN 6*RMSD (M=MODEL NUMBER; RES=RESIDUE NAME; C=CHAIN REMARK 500 IDENTIFIER; SSEQ=SEQUENCE NUMBER; I=INSERTION CODE). REMARK 500 REMARK 500 STANDARD TABLE: REMARK 500 FORMAT: (10X,I3,1X,A3,1X,A1,I4,A1,3(1X,A4,2X),12X,F5.1) REMARK 500 REMARK 500 EXPECTED VALUES PROTEIN: ENGH AND HUBER, 1999 REMARK 500 EXPECTED VALUES NUCLEIC ACID: CLOWNEY ET AL 1996 REMARK 500 REMARK 500 M RES CSSEQI ATM1 ATM2 ATM3 REMARK 500 12 ARG A 16 NE - CZ - NH2 ANGL. DEV. = -3.1 DEGREES REMARK 500 15 ARG A 16 NE - CZ - NH2 ANGL. DEV. = -3.1 DEGREES REMARK 500 20 TYR A 110 CB - CG - CD2 ANGL. DEV. = -3.8 DEGREES REMARK 500 REMARK 500 REMARK: NULL REMARK 500 REMARK 500 GEOMETRY AND STEREOCHEMISTRY REMARK 500 SUBTOPIC: TORSION ANGLES REMARK 500 REMARK 500 TORSION ANGLES OUTSIDE THE EXPECTED RAMACHANDRAN REGIONS: REMARK 500 (M=MODEL NUMBER; RES=RESIDUE NAME; C=CHAIN IDENTIFIER; REMARK 500 SSEQ=SEQUENCE NUMBER; I=INSERTION CODE). REMARK 500 REMARK 500 STANDARD TABLE: REMARK 500 FORMAT:(10X,I3,1X,A3,1X,A1,I4,A1,4X,F7.2,3X,F7.2) REMARK 500 REMARK 500 EXPECTED VALUES: GJ KLEYWEGT AND TA JONES (1996). PHI/PSI- REMARK 500 CHOLOGY: RAMACHANDRAN REVISITED. STRUCTURE 4, 1395 - 1400 REMARK 500 REMARK 500 M RES CSSEQI PSI PHI REMARK 500 1 MET A 3 106.24 -161.25 REMARK 500 1 ASN A 84 -2.46 60.89 REMARK 500 1 SER A 115 77.75 -104.54 REMARK 500 1 GLN A 116 143.27 -178.12 REMARK 500 2 ALA A 2 98.38 -59.71 REMARK 500 2 THR A 12 170.05 -59.31 REMARK 500 2 ASN A 84 14.13 59.29 REMARK 500 2 GLN A 116 132.51 -172.69 REMARK 500 3 LYS A 42 -24.51 -143.44 REMARK 500 3 ASN A 74 160.19 -45.24 REMARK 500 3 ASN A 84 -9.75 66.28 REMARK 500 3 SER A 115 77.68 -108.24 REMARK 500 3 SEP B 177 -162.38 -106.27 REMARK 500 4 MET A 3 96.03 -175.31 REMARK 500 4 ASN A 84 14.81 53.69 REMARK 500 4 SER A 115 77.77 -103.62 REMARK 500 4 GLN A 116 149.09 179.16 REMARK 500 4 SEP B 177 -82.62 -114.36 REMARK 500 5 ASN A 84 14.89 57.47 REMARK 500 5 SER A 115 76.10 -110.57 REMARK 500 5 GLN A 116 132.22 -174.04 REMARK 500 5 SEP B 177 -84.39 -140.09 REMARK 500 6 LYS A 42 -40.97 -137.00 REMARK 500 6 THR A 50 -60.64 -130.87 REMARK 500 6 ASN A 84 -4.44 61.16 REMARK 500 6 SER A 115 76.76 -104.72 REMARK 500 6 GLN A 116 134.56 179.89 REMARK 500 6 MET B 183 -171.83 -67.23 REMARK 500 7 LYS A 42 -12.24 -142.17 REMARK 500 7 ASN A 84 9.85 56.61 REMARK 500 7 SER A 115 76.69 -103.68 REMARK 500 7 GLN A 116 146.08 -177.67 REMARK 500 7 SEP B 170 -47.30 -131.55 REMARK 500 7 SEP B 177 -57.25 -137.79 REMARK 500 8 LYS A 42 -12.45 -141.37 REMARK 500 8 ASN A 84 -8.81 65.09 REMARK 500 8 SER A 115 77.33 -110.32 REMARK 500 8 GLN A 116 131.56 -171.99 REMARK 500 8 SEP B 170 42.41 -71.19 REMARK 500 8 SEP B 177 -54.35 -144.52 REMARK 500 9 LYS A 42 -42.93 -140.42 REMARK 500 9 ASN A 84 11.06 59.88 REMARK 500 9 SEP B 170 48.62 -92.10 REMARK 500 9 SEP B 174 -76.62 -113.67 REMARK 500 9 SEP B 177 -32.51 -143.82 REMARK 500 10 THR A 50 -50.78 -133.63 REMARK 500 10 ASP B 176 52.42 -144.06 REMARK 500 10 SEP B 177 -83.53 -129.38 REMARK 500 10 MET B 183 -170.47 -172.19 REMARK 500 11 ASN A 84 16.28 51.57 REMARK 500 REMARK 500 THIS ENTRY HAS 95 RAMACHANDRAN OUTLIERS. REMARK 500 REMARK 500 REMARK: NULL REMARK 500 REMARK 500 GEOMETRY AND STEREOCHEMISTRY REMARK 500 SUBTOPIC: PLANAR GROUPS REMARK 500 REMARK 500 PLANAR GROUPS IN THE FOLLOWING RESIDUES HAVE A TOTAL REMARK 500 RMS DISTANCE OF ALL ATOMS FROM THE BEST-FIT PLANE REMARK 500 BY MORE THAN AN EXPECTED VALUE OF 6*RMSD, WITH AN REMARK 500 RMSD 0.02 ANGSTROMS, OR AT LEAST ONE ATOM HAS REMARK 500 AN RMSD GREATER THAN THIS VALUE REMARK 500 (M=MODEL NUMBER; RES=RESIDUE NAME; C=CHAIN IDENTIFIER; REMARK 500 SSEQ=SEQUENCE NUMBER; I=INSERTION CODE). REMARK 500 REMARK 500 M RES CSSEQI RMS TYPE REMARK 500 2 ARG A 37 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 2 TYR A 110 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 2 TYR A 113 0.06 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 3 ARG A 16 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 3 TYR A 99 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 4 ARG A 21 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 4 TYR A 99 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 5 TYR A 99 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 5 ARG B 182 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 7 TYR A 113 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 8 ARG A 21 0.16 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 8 ARG A 68 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 9 ARG A 37 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 9 TYR A 113 0.12 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 10 ARG A 21 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 10 ARG B 182 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 11 ARG A 37 0.11 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 12 ARG A 16 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 13 TYR A 110 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 15 ARG A 21 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 15 ARG A 69 0.12 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 17 ARG A 21 0.10 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 19 ARG A 21 0.11 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 19 TYR A 110 0.07 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 20 ARG A 21 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 20 ARG A 68 0.09 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 20 ARG A 70 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 20 ARG B 182 0.08 SIDE CHAIN REMARK 500 REMARK 500 REMARK: NULL REMARK 500 REMARK 500 GEOMETRY AND STEREOCHEMISTRY REMARK 500 SUBTOPIC: MAIN CHAIN PLANARITY REMARK 500 REMARK 500 THE FOLLOWING RESIDUES HAVE A PSEUDO PLANARITY REMARK 500 TORSION ANGLE, C(I) - CA(I) - N(I+1) - O(I), GREATER REMARK 500 10.0 DEGREES. (M=MODEL NUMBER; RES=RESIDUE NAME; REMARK 500 C=CHAIN IDENTIFIER; SSEQ=SEQUENCE NUMBER; REMARK 500 I=INSERTION CODE). REMARK 500 REMARK 500 M RES CSSEQI ANGLE REMARK 500 8 SEP B 173 11.79 REMARK 500 14 SEP B 174 14.72 REMARK 500 20 SEP B 170 11.48 REMARK 500 REMARK 500 REMARK: NULL REMARK 900 REMARK 900 RELATED ENTRIES REMARK 900 RELATED ID: 3VTU RELATED DB: PDB REMARK 900 FREE LC3B CRYSTALL STRUCTURE REMARK 900 RELATED ID: 3VTV RELATED DB: PDB REMARK 900 OPTN LIR-LC3B CRYSTALL STRUCTURE REMARK 900 RELATED ID: 3VTW RELATED DB: PDB REMARK 900 T7 OPTN LIR-LC3B CRYSTALL STRUCTURE REMARK 900 RELATED ID: 18518 RELATED DB: BMRB DBREF 2LUE A 5 119 UNP Q9GZQ8 MLP3B_HUMAN 5 119 DBREF 2LUE B 169 185 UNP Q96CV9 OPTN_HUMAN 169 185 SEQADV 2LUE GLY A 1 UNP Q9GZQ8 EXPRESSION TAG SEQADV 2LUE ALA A 2 UNP Q9GZQ8 EXPRESSION TAG SEQADV 2LUE MET A 3 UNP Q9GZQ8 EXPRESSION TAG SEQADV 2LUE GLY A 4 UNP Q9GZQ8 EXPRESSION TAG SEQRES 1 A 119 GLY ALA MET GLY LYS THR PHE LYS GLN ARG ARG THR PHE SEQRES 2 A 119 GLU GLN ARG VAL GLU ASP VAL ARG LEU ILE ARG GLU GLN SEQRES 3 A 119 HIS PRO THR LYS ILE PRO VAL ILE ILE GLU ARG TYR LYS SEQRES 4 A 119 GLY GLU LYS GLN LEU PRO VAL LEU ASP LYS THR LYS PHE SEQRES 5 A 119 LEU VAL PRO ASP HIS VAL ASN MET SER GLU LEU ILE LYS SEQRES 6 A 119 ILE ILE ARG ARG ARG LEU GLN LEU ASN ALA ASN GLN ALA SEQRES 7 A 119 PHE PHE LEU LEU VAL ASN GLY HIS SER MET VAL SER VAL SEQRES 8 A 119 SER THR PRO ILE SER GLU VAL TYR GLU SER GLU LYS ASP SEQRES 9 A 119 GLU ASP GLY PHE LEU TYR MET VAL TYR ALA SER GLN GLU SEQRES 10 A 119 THR PHE SEQRES 1 B 17 ASN SEP SEP GLY SEP SEP GLU ASP SEP PHE VAL GLU ILE SEQRES 2 B 17 ARG MET ALA GLU MODRES 2LUE SEP B 170 SER PHOSPHOSERINE MODRES 2LUE SEP B 171 SER PHOSPHOSERINE MODRES 2LUE SEP B 173 SER PHOSPHOSERINE MODRES 2LUE SEP B 174 SER PHOSPHOSERINE MODRES 2LUE SEP B 177 SER PHOSPHOSERINE HET SEP B 170 14 HET SEP B 171 14 HET SEP B 173 14 HET SEP B 174 14 HET SEP B 177 14 HETNAM SEP PHOSPHOSERINE HETSYN SEP PHOSPHONOSERINE FORMUL 2 SEP 5(C3 H8 N O6 P) HELIX 1 1 THR A 6 ARG A 11 1 6 HELIX 2 2 THR A 12 HIS A 27 1 16 HELIX 3 3 ASN A 59 GLN A 72 1 14 HELIX 4 4 PRO A 94 LYS A 103 1 10 SHEET 1 A 5 PHE A 80 VAL A 83 0 SHEET 2 A 5 LEU A 109 ALA A 114 -1 O VAL A 112 N LEU A 82 SHEET 3 A 5 LYS A 30 ARG A 37 1 N ILE A 34 O LEU A 109 SHEET 4 A 5 LYS A 51 PRO A 55 -1 O PHE A 52 N VAL A 33 SHEET 5 A 5 PHE B 178 GLU B 180 1 O VAL B 179 N LYS A 51 LINK C ASN B 169 N SEP B 170 1555 1555 1.34 LINK C SEP B 170 N SEP B 171 1555 1555 1.34 LINK C SEP B 171 N GLY B 172 1555 1555 1.33 LINK C GLY B 172 N SEP B 173 1555 1555 1.33 LINK C SEP B 173 N SEP B 174 1555 1555 1.33 LINK C SEP B 174 N GLU B 175 1555 1555 1.33 LINK C ASP B 176 N SEP B 177 1555 1555 1.33 LINK C SEP B 177 N PHE B 178 1555 1555 1.33 CRYST1 1.000 1.000 1.000 90.00 90.00 90.00 P 1 1 ORIGX1 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 ORIGX2 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.00000 ORIGX3 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.00000 SCALE1 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000 SCALE2 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.00000 SCALE3 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.00000 MODEL 1