data_7S3O # _entry.id 7S3O # _audit_conform.dict_name mmcif_pdbx.dic _audit_conform.dict_version 5.359 _audit_conform.dict_location http://mmcif.pdb.org/dictionaries/ascii/mmcif_pdbx.dic # loop_ _database_2.database_id _database_2.database_code _database_2.pdbx_database_accession _database_2.pdbx_DOI PDB 7S3O pdb_00007s3o 10.2210/pdb7s3o/pdb WWPDB D_1000259094 ? ? BMRB 30946 ? ? # _pdbx_database_related.db_name BMRB _pdbx_database_related.details 'NMR Solution Structure of hGal(2-12)KK, a solubility-tagged truncation of the human neuropeptide galanin.' _pdbx_database_related.db_id 30946 _pdbx_database_related.content_type unspecified # _pdbx_database_status.status_code REL _pdbx_database_status.status_code_sf ? _pdbx_database_status.status_code_mr REL _pdbx_database_status.entry_id 7S3O _pdbx_database_status.recvd_initial_deposition_date 2021-09-07 _pdbx_database_status.SG_entry N _pdbx_database_status.deposit_site RCSB _pdbx_database_status.process_site RCSB _pdbx_database_status.status_code_cs REL _pdbx_database_status.status_code_nmr_data ? _pdbx_database_status.methods_development_category ? _pdbx_database_status.pdb_format_compatible Y # loop_ _audit_author.name _audit_author.pdbx_ordinal _audit_author.identifier_ORCID 'Kraichely, K.N.' 1 0000-0002-9674-3583 'Clinkscales, S.E.' 2 0000-0002-0311-7998 'Parnham, S.' 3 0000-0002-8205-5827 'Giuliano, M.W.' 4 0000-0003-0137-7769 # _citation.abstract ? _citation.abstract_id_CAS ? _citation.book_id_ISBN ? _citation.book_publisher ? _citation.book_publisher_city ? _citation.book_title ? _citation.coordinate_linkage ? _citation.country US _citation.database_id_Medline ? _citation.details ? _citation.id primary _citation.journal_abbrev Biochemistry _citation.journal_id_ASTM BICHAW _citation.journal_id_CSD 0033 _citation.journal_id_ISSN 0006-2960 _citation.journal_full ? _citation.journal_issue ? _citation.journal_volume 61 _citation.language ? _citation.page_first 1151 _citation.page_last 1166 _citation.title 'Minimal Increments of Hydrophobic Collapse within the N-Terminus of the Neuropeptide Galanin.' _citation.year 2022 _citation.database_id_CSD ? _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00141 _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed 35622960 _citation.pdbx_database_id_patent ? _citation.unpublished_flag ? # loop_ _citation_author.citation_id _citation_author.name _citation_author.ordinal _citation_author.identifier_ORCID primary 'Kraichely, K.N.' 1 ? primary 'Clinkscales, S.E.' 2 ? primary 'Hendy, C.M.' 3 ? primary 'Mendoza, E.A.' 4 ? primary 'Parnham, S.' 5 ? primary 'Giuliano, M.W.' 6 0000-0003-0137-7769 # _entity.id 1 _entity.type polymer _entity.src_method syn _entity.pdbx_description Galanin _entity.formula_weight 1450.705 _entity.pdbx_number_of_molecules 1 _entity.pdbx_ec ? _entity.pdbx_mutation 'P45K, H46K' _entity.pdbx_fragment ? _entity.details ? # _entity_poly.entity_id 1 _entity_poly.type 'polypeptide(L)' _entity_poly.nstd_linkage no _entity_poly.nstd_monomer yes _entity_poly.pdbx_seq_one_letter_code 'WTLNSAGYLLGKK(NH2)' _entity_poly.pdbx_seq_one_letter_code_can WTLNSAGYLLGKKX _entity_poly.pdbx_strand_id A _entity_poly.pdbx_target_identifier ? # loop_ _entity_poly_seq.entity_id _entity_poly_seq.num _entity_poly_seq.mon_id _entity_poly_seq.hetero 1 1 TRP n 1 2 THR n 1 3 LEU n 1 4 ASN n 1 5 SER n 1 6 ALA n 1 7 GLY n 1 8 TYR n 1 9 LEU n 1 10 LEU n 1 11 GLY n 1 12 LYS n 1 13 LYS n 1 14 NH2 n # _pdbx_entity_src_syn.entity_id 1 _pdbx_entity_src_syn.pdbx_src_id 1 _pdbx_entity_src_syn.pdbx_alt_source_flag sample _pdbx_entity_src_syn.pdbx_beg_seq_num 1 _pdbx_entity_src_syn.pdbx_end_seq_num 14 _pdbx_entity_src_syn.organism_scientific 'Homo sapiens' _pdbx_entity_src_syn.organism_common_name Human _pdbx_entity_src_syn.ncbi_taxonomy_id 9606 _pdbx_entity_src_syn.details ? # _struct_ref.id 1 _struct_ref.db_name UNP _struct_ref.db_code GALA_HUMAN _struct_ref.pdbx_db_accession P22466 _struct_ref.pdbx_db_isoform ? _struct_ref.entity_id 1 _struct_ref.pdbx_seq_one_letter_code WTLNSAGYLLGPH _struct_ref.pdbx_align_begin 34 # _struct_ref_seq.align_id 1 _struct_ref_seq.ref_id 1 _struct_ref_seq.pdbx_PDB_id_code 7S3O _struct_ref_seq.pdbx_strand_id A _struct_ref_seq.seq_align_beg 1 _struct_ref_seq.pdbx_seq_align_beg_ins_code ? _struct_ref_seq.seq_align_end 13 _struct_ref_seq.pdbx_seq_align_end_ins_code ? _struct_ref_seq.pdbx_db_accession P22466 _struct_ref_seq.db_align_beg 34 _struct_ref_seq.pdbx_db_align_beg_ins_code ? _struct_ref_seq.db_align_end 46 _struct_ref_seq.pdbx_db_align_end_ins_code ? _struct_ref_seq.pdbx_auth_seq_align_beg 1 _struct_ref_seq.pdbx_auth_seq_align_end 13 # loop_ _struct_ref_seq_dif.align_id _struct_ref_seq_dif.pdbx_pdb_id_code _struct_ref_seq_dif.mon_id _struct_ref_seq_dif.pdbx_pdb_strand_id _struct_ref_seq_dif.seq_num _struct_ref_seq_dif.pdbx_pdb_ins_code _struct_ref_seq_dif.pdbx_seq_db_name _struct_ref_seq_dif.pdbx_seq_db_accession_code _struct_ref_seq_dif.db_mon_id _struct_ref_seq_dif.pdbx_seq_db_seq_num _struct_ref_seq_dif.details _struct_ref_seq_dif.pdbx_auth_seq_num _struct_ref_seq_dif.pdbx_ordinal 1 7S3O LYS A 12 ? UNP P22466 PRO 45 'engineered mutation' 12 1 1 7S3O LYS A 13 ? UNP P22466 HIS 46 'engineered mutation' 13 2 1 7S3O NH2 A 14 ? UNP P22466 ? ? amidation 14 3 # loop_ _chem_comp.id _chem_comp.type _chem_comp.mon_nstd_flag _chem_comp.name _chem_comp.pdbx_synonyms _chem_comp.formula _chem_comp.formula_weight ALA 'L-peptide linking' y ALANINE ? 'C3 H7 N O2' 89.093 ASN 'L-peptide linking' y ASPARAGINE ? 'C4 H8 N2 O3' 132.118 GLY 'peptide linking' y GLYCINE ? 'C2 H5 N O2' 75.067 HIS 'L-peptide linking' y HISTIDINE ? 'C6 H10 N3 O2 1' 156.162 LEU 'L-peptide linking' y LEUCINE ? 'C6 H13 N O2' 131.173 LYS 'L-peptide linking' y LYSINE ? 'C6 H15 N2 O2 1' 147.195 NH2 non-polymer . 'AMINO GROUP' ? 'H2 N' 16.023 PRO 'L-peptide linking' y PROLINE ? 'C5 H9 N O2' 115.130 SER 'L-peptide linking' y SERINE ? 'C3 H7 N O3' 105.093 THR 'L-peptide linking' y THREONINE ? 'C4 H9 N O3' 119.119 TRP 'L-peptide linking' y TRYPTOPHAN ? 'C11 H12 N2 O2' 204.225 TYR 'L-peptide linking' y TYROSINE ? 'C9 H11 N O3' 181.189 # loop_ _pdbx_nmr_exptl.experiment_id _pdbx_nmr_exptl.conditions_id _pdbx_nmr_exptl.solution_id _pdbx_nmr_exptl.type _pdbx_nmr_exptl.spectrometer_id _pdbx_nmr_exptl.sample_state 1 1 1 '2D 1H-1H COSY' 1 isotropic 2 1 1 '2D 1H-1H TOCSY' 1 isotropic 3 1 1 '2D 1H-1H ROESY' 1 isotropic 4 1 1 '1D 1H acquisition' 1 isotropic # _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.conditions_id 1 _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.temperature 298 _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.pressure_units atm _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.pressure 1 _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.pH 4.6 _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.ionic_strength '4.14 mM sodium acetate-d3' _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.details ;5 mM hGal(2-12)KK peptide 10 mM deuterated (d3/d4) sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer pH 4.6 ; _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.ionic_strength_err ? _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.ionic_strength_units mM _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.label 1 _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.pH_err ? _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.pH_units pH _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.pressure_err ? _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.temperature_err ? _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample_conditions.temperature_units K # _pdbx_nmr_sample_details.solution_id 1 _pdbx_nmr_sample_details.contents '5 mM hGal(2-12)KK, 4.14 mM D3 sodium acetate, 5.86 mM D4 acetic acid, 95% H2O/5% D2O' _pdbx_nmr_sample_details.solvent_system '95% H2O/5% D2O' _pdbx_nmr_sample_details.label SEC-I-072A _pdbx_nmr_sample_details.type solution _pdbx_nmr_sample_details.details ;5 mM hGal(2-12)KK peptide 10 mM deuterated (d3/d4) sodium acetate/acetic acid buffer pH 4.6 ; # _pdbx_nmr_spectrometer.spectrometer_id 1 _pdbx_nmr_spectrometer.model 'AVANCE III HD' _pdbx_nmr_spectrometer.type ? _pdbx_nmr_spectrometer.manufacturer Bruker _pdbx_nmr_spectrometer.field_strength 400 _pdbx_nmr_spectrometer.details ? # _pdbx_nmr_refine.entry_id 7S3O _pdbx_nmr_refine.method 'simulated annealing' _pdbx_nmr_refine.details ? _pdbx_nmr_refine.software_ordinal 1 # _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.entry_id 7S3O _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.conformers_calculated_total_number 1000 _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.conformers_submitted_total_number 25 _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.conformer_selection_criteria 'structures with the lowest energy' _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.representative_conformer ? _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.average_constraints_per_residue ? _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.average_constraint_violations_per_residue ? _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.maximum_distance_constraint_violation ? _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.average_distance_constraint_violation ? _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.maximum_upper_distance_constraint_violation ? _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.maximum_lower_distance_constraint_violation ? _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.distance_constraint_violation_method ? _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.maximum_torsion_angle_constraint_violation ? _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.average_torsion_angle_constraint_violation ? _pdbx_nmr_ensemble.torsion_angle_constraint_violation_method ? # _pdbx_nmr_representative.entry_id 7S3O _pdbx_nmr_representative.conformer_id 1 _pdbx_nmr_representative.selection_criteria 'lowest energy' # loop_ _pdbx_nmr_software.ordinal _pdbx_nmr_software.classification _pdbx_nmr_software.name _pdbx_nmr_software.version _pdbx_nmr_software.authors 1 refinement CNS ? 'Brunger A. T. et.al.' 2 'structure calculation' CNS ? 'Brunger A. T. et.al.' 3 'chemical shift assignment' 'MestreLab (Mnova / MestReNova / MestReC)' ? 'MestreLab (Mnova / MestReNova / MestReC)' 4 'peak picking' 'MestreLab (Mnova / MestReNova / MestReC)' ? 'MestreLab (Mnova / MestReNova / MestReC)' # _exptl.absorpt_coefficient_mu ? _exptl.absorpt_correction_T_max ? _exptl.absorpt_correction_T_min ? _exptl.absorpt_correction_type ? _exptl.absorpt_process_details ? _exptl.entry_id 7S3O _exptl.crystals_number ? _exptl.details ? _exptl.method 'SOLUTION NMR' _exptl.method_details ? # _struct.entry_id 7S3O _struct.title 'NMR Solution Structure of hGal(2-12)KK, a solubility-tagged truncation of the human neuropeptide galanin' _struct.pdbx_model_details ? _struct.pdbx_formula_weight ? _struct.pdbx_formula_weight_method ? _struct.pdbx_model_type_details ? _struct.pdbx_CASP_flag N # _struct_keywords.entry_id 7S3O _struct_keywords.text 'binding epitope, synthetic peptide, neuropeptide' _struct_keywords.pdbx_keywords NEUROPEPTIDE # _struct_asym.id A _struct_asym.pdbx_blank_PDB_chainid_flag N _struct_asym.pdbx_modified N _struct_asym.entity_id 1 _struct_asym.details ? # _struct_conn.id covale1 _struct_conn.conn_type_id covale _struct_conn.pdbx_leaving_atom_flag both _struct_conn.pdbx_PDB_id ? _struct_conn.ptnr1_label_asym_id A _struct_conn.ptnr1_label_comp_id LYS _struct_conn.ptnr1_label_seq_id 13 _struct_conn.ptnr1_label_atom_id C _struct_conn.pdbx_ptnr1_label_alt_id ? _struct_conn.pdbx_ptnr1_PDB_ins_code ? _struct_conn.pdbx_ptnr1_standard_comp_id ? _struct_conn.ptnr1_symmetry 1_555 _struct_conn.ptnr2_label_asym_id A _struct_conn.ptnr2_label_comp_id NH2 _struct_conn.ptnr2_label_seq_id 14 _struct_conn.ptnr2_label_atom_id N _struct_conn.pdbx_ptnr2_label_alt_id ? _struct_conn.pdbx_ptnr2_PDB_ins_code ? _struct_conn.ptnr1_auth_asym_id A _struct_conn.ptnr1_auth_comp_id LYS _struct_conn.ptnr1_auth_seq_id 13 _struct_conn.ptnr2_auth_asym_id A _struct_conn.ptnr2_auth_comp_id NH2 _struct_conn.ptnr2_auth_seq_id 14 _struct_conn.ptnr2_symmetry 1_555 _struct_conn.pdbx_ptnr3_label_atom_id ? _struct_conn.pdbx_ptnr3_label_seq_id ? _struct_conn.pdbx_ptnr3_label_comp_id ? _struct_conn.pdbx_ptnr3_label_asym_id ? _struct_conn.pdbx_ptnr3_label_alt_id ? _struct_conn.pdbx_ptnr3_PDB_ins_code ? _struct_conn.details ? _struct_conn.pdbx_dist_value 1.329 _struct_conn.pdbx_value_order ? _struct_conn.pdbx_role ? # _struct_conn_type.id covale _struct_conn_type.criteria ? _struct_conn_type.reference ? # _atom_sites.entry_id 7S3O _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_matrix[1][1] ? _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_matrix[1][2] ? _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_matrix[1][3] ? _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_matrix[2][1] ? _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_matrix[2][2] ? _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_matrix[2][3] ? _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_matrix[3][1] ? _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_matrix[3][2] ? _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_matrix[3][3] ? _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_vector[1] ? _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_vector[2] ? _atom_sites.Cartn_transf_vector[3] ? _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[1][1] 1.000000 _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[1][2] 0.000000 _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[1][3] 0.000000 _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[2][1] 0.000000 _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[2][2] 1.000000 _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[2][3] 0.000000 _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[3][1] 0.000000 _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[3][2] 0.000000 _atom_sites.fract_transf_matrix[3][3] 1.000000 _atom_sites.fract_transf_vector[1] 0.00000 _atom_sites.fract_transf_vector[2] 0.00000 _atom_sites.fract_transf_vector[3] 0.00000 _atom_sites.solution_primary ? _atom_sites.solution_secondary ? _atom_sites.solution_hydrogens ? _atom_sites.special_details ? # loop_ _atom_type.symbol C H N O # loop_ _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.asym_id _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.entity_id _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.seq_id _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.mon_id _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.ndb_seq_num _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.pdb_seq_num _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.auth_seq_num _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.pdb_mon_id _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.auth_mon_id _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.pdb_strand_id _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.pdb_ins_code _pdbx_poly_seq_scheme.hetero A 1 1 TRP 1 1 1 TRP TRP A . n A 1 2 THR 2 2 2 THR THR A . n A 1 3 LEU 3 3 3 LEU LEU A . n A 1 4 ASN 4 4 4 ASN ASN A . n A 1 5 SER 5 5 5 SER SER A . n A 1 6 ALA 6 6 6 ALA ALA A . n A 1 7 GLY 7 7 7 GLY GLY A . n A 1 8 TYR 8 8 8 TYR TYR A . n A 1 9 LEU 9 9 9 LEU LEU A . n A 1 10 LEU 10 10 10 LEU LEU A . n A 1 11 GLY 11 11 11 GLY GLY A . n A 1 12 LYS 12 12 12 LYS LYS A . n A 1 13 LYS 13 13 13 LYS LYS A . n A 1 14 NH2 14 14 13 NH2 LYS A . n # _pdbx_struct_assembly.id 1 _pdbx_struct_assembly.details author_defined_assembly _pdbx_struct_assembly.method_details ? _pdbx_struct_assembly.oligomeric_details monomeric _pdbx_struct_assembly.oligomeric_count 1 # _pdbx_struct_assembly_gen.assembly_id 1 _pdbx_struct_assembly_gen.oper_expression 1 _pdbx_struct_assembly_gen.asym_id_list A # _pdbx_struct_oper_list.id 1 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.type 'identity operation' _pdbx_struct_oper_list.name 1_555 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.symmetry_operation ? _pdbx_struct_oper_list.matrix[1][1] 1.0000000000 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.matrix[1][2] 0.0000000000 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.matrix[1][3] 0.0000000000 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.vector[1] 0.0000000000 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.matrix[2][1] 0.0000000000 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.matrix[2][2] 1.0000000000 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.matrix[2][3] 0.0000000000 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.vector[2] 0.0000000000 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.matrix[3][1] 0.0000000000 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.matrix[3][2] 0.0000000000 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.matrix[3][3] 1.0000000000 _pdbx_struct_oper_list.vector[3] 0.0000000000 # loop_ _pdbx_audit_revision_history.ordinal _pdbx_audit_revision_history.data_content_type _pdbx_audit_revision_history.major_revision _pdbx_audit_revision_history.minor_revision _pdbx_audit_revision_history.revision_date 1 'Structure model' 1 0 2022-05-25 2 'Structure model' 1 1 2022-07-06 # _pdbx_audit_revision_details.ordinal 1 _pdbx_audit_revision_details.revision_ordinal 1 _pdbx_audit_revision_details.data_content_type 'Structure model' _pdbx_audit_revision_details.provider repository _pdbx_audit_revision_details.type 'Initial release' _pdbx_audit_revision_details.description ? _pdbx_audit_revision_details.details ? # _pdbx_audit_revision_group.ordinal 1 _pdbx_audit_revision_group.revision_ordinal 2 _pdbx_audit_revision_group.data_content_type 'Structure model' _pdbx_audit_revision_group.group 'Database references' # loop_ _pdbx_audit_revision_category.ordinal _pdbx_audit_revision_category.revision_ordinal _pdbx_audit_revision_category.data_content_type _pdbx_audit_revision_category.category 1 2 'Structure model' citation 2 2 'Structure model' citation_author # loop_ _pdbx_audit_revision_item.ordinal _pdbx_audit_revision_item.revision_ordinal _pdbx_audit_revision_item.data_content_type _pdbx_audit_revision_item.item 1 2 'Structure model' '_citation.journal_volume' 2 2 'Structure model' '_citation.page_first' 3 2 'Structure model' '_citation.page_last' 4 2 'Structure model' '_citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI' 5 2 'Structure model' '_citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed' 6 2 'Structure model' '_citation.title' 7 2 'Structure model' '_citation_author.identifier_ORCID' # loop_ _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample.solution_id _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample.component _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample.concentration _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample.concentration_range _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample.concentration_units _pdbx_nmr_exptl_sample.isotopic_labeling 1 'hGal(2-12)KK' 5 ? mM 'natural abundance' 1 'sodium acetate' 4.14 ? mM D3 1 'acetic acid' 5.86 ? mM D4 # loop_ _pdbx_validate_torsion.id _pdbx_validate_torsion.PDB_model_num _pdbx_validate_torsion.auth_comp_id _pdbx_validate_torsion.auth_asym_id _pdbx_validate_torsion.auth_seq_id _pdbx_validate_torsion.PDB_ins_code _pdbx_validate_torsion.label_alt_id _pdbx_validate_torsion.phi _pdbx_validate_torsion.psi 1 4 LEU A 9 ? ? -130.63 -43.55 2 5 LEU A 9 ? ? -131.61 -42.31 3 9 LEU A 9 ? ? -130.41 -42.15 4 14 LEU A 9 ? ? -130.12 -41.85 5 15 LEU A 9 ? ? -131.54 -39.47 6 17 LEU A 9 ? ? -133.41 -42.70 7 18 LEU A 9 ? ? -131.73 -42.79 8 19 LEU A 9 ? ? -130.93 -42.78 9 20 LEU A 9 ? ? -132.78 -42.89 # _pdbx_audit_support.funding_organization 'National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)' _pdbx_audit_support.country 'United States' _pdbx_audit_support.grant_number P20GM103499-20 _pdbx_audit_support.ordinal 1 # _pdbx_struct_assembly_auth_evidence.id 1 _pdbx_struct_assembly_auth_evidence.assembly_id 1 _pdbx_struct_assembly_auth_evidence.experimental_support 'assay for oligomerization' _pdbx_struct_assembly_auth_evidence.details ;Peptide state was determined to be monomeric after observation of no dispersion, broadening, or loss of resolution in peaks in its 1D 1H NMR spectrum over a 50-fold range of concentration from 0.1 mM up to 5 mM. ; #